L型蜡样芽抱杆菌对草莓防御酶活性变化的影响

以易感白粉病的草莓品种"丰香"为试材,向草莓叶柄注射L型蜡样芽孢杆菌,测定了草莓叶片中SOD、POD、PPO及PAL 4种防御性酶活性的变化及白粉病感染情况。结果表明:注射L型蜡样芽孢杆菌后,4种防御性酶的活性均有不同程度的升高。     

不同种植年限深州蜜桃土壤微生物及酶活性的变化

研究了种植0～11 a深州蜜桃土壤微生物数量及酶活性变化.结果表明:土壤三大类微生物的数量分布为:细菌＞放线菌＞真菌.在种植年限内,土壤细菌、放线菌的数量、微生物总数、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶的活性均表现出先增后减的变化趋势,且大多数峰值年限为7a.随种植年限延长,真菌数量增加,细菌与真菌数量的比值下降.     

Anti-inflammatory activities of cucurbitacin E isolated from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides: role of reactive nitrogen species and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition

The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were examined. The results showed that LPS/INF-γ increased NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas L-NAME and CE curtailed it. CE did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 and WRL-68 cells. CE inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. Intraperitoneal injection of CE significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema. ORAC and FRAP assays showed that CE is not a potent ROS scavenger. It could be concluded that CE is potentially useful in treating inflammation through the inhibition of COX and RNS but not ROS.     

苹果果实糖的研究现状

本文介绍了有关苹果果实糖代谢及相关酶的研究现状,并对影响苹果果实糖含量的因子进行了讨论。     

固定化酶载体的研究现状及其应用

研制开发性能优异的固定化载体,已成为固定化酶技术最为活跃的研究方向之一。固定化酶在生物及生物工程、环境化工、食品、医药等领域得以迅速发展,其中,结合现代分析仪器,固定化酶反应器(IMER)将成为固定化酶应用的一个新领域。本文对近几年来固定化酶载体的制备及固定化酶的应用进行了综述。     

干旱胁迫对白桦实生苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响

目前 ,活性氧自由基与植物抗逆性关系的研究正在日益深入 (戴金平等 ,1 991 ;王以柔等 ,1 995 ;许长城等 ,1 993;Ｊｏｈｎ ,1 992 ;Ｍａｒｃｅｌａｅｔａｌ.,1 993;阎秀峰等 ,1 999) ,对水分亏缺下活性氧对植物的氧化伤害及植物防御系统的反应也作了大量的研究 (陈立松等 ,1 998;1 999;沈秀瑛等 ,1 995 ;吕庆等 ,1 996;王爱国等 ,1 990 ;许长城等 ,1 993;阎秀峰等 ,1 999;Ｍｉｓｈｒａｅｔａｌ.,1 993)。在正常情况下 ,植物体内活性氧产生与清除处于平衡状态 ,不会导致细胞伤害 ,氧自由基的清除剂可分为酶促和非酶促两大类 (蒋明义等 ,1 996…     

NaCI胁迫对塔里木河下游罗布麻抗性酶的影响

研究了不同盐浓度胁迫下罗布麻种子的抗性酶活性及含量.罗布麻种子萌发采用盐溶液水培方法,设0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6mol/L8个盐梯度.分析罗布麻丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)三种酶的含量和活性随盐浓度的变化趋势.得出结论:MDA含量和SOD活性变化趋...     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病（褐斑病）病菌细胞壁降解酶产生条件及活性分析

通过对活体外细胞壁降解酶产生条件、活体接种黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌后细胞壁降解酶活性变化及活体内外产生的细胞壁降解酶活性比较的研究,结果表明：多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶（PMG）、多聚半乳糖醛酸反式消除酶（PGTE）、果胶甲基反式消除酶（PMTE）、羧甲基纤维素酶（Cx）和β-葡萄糖苷酶6种酶均有特定的最适培养条件,持续振荡培养利于各种细胞壁降解酶的产生;Cx和β-葡萄糖苷酶在培养9 d时活性达到高峰,PG和PMG在培养12 d时活性达到高峰,PGTE、PMTE在培养15 d时活性最高;PG和PMG产生的最适温度为25 ℃,PGTE、PMTE、Cx、β-葡萄糖苷酶产生的最适温度为28 ℃;PG、PMG、Cx和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性在pH为6时最高,PGTE和PMTE的活性在pH为8时达到最高峰。4种果胶酶的活性在接种后第3天活性最高;而两种纤维素酶在接种后第5天活性最高。病菌在活体内和活体外产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性明显不同。     

Microbial and Enzyme Activities of Saline and Sodic Soils

Salinization and sodication are abiotic soil factors, important hazards to soil fertility and consequently affect the crop production. Soil salinization is of great concern for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world; sodicity is characterized by an excessively high concentration of sodium (Na) in their cation exchange system. In recent times, attention has been turned to study the impacts of these factors (salinity and sodicity) on soil microbial activities. Microbial activities play central role in degradation and decomposition of soil organic matter, mineralization of nutrients and stabilization of soil aggregates. To understand the ecology of soil system, therefore, it is important to be conversant with the soil microbial activities, which show quick response to little change in the soil environment. Microbial activities (generally measured as C–N dynamics, soil respiration–basal respiration, or CO₂ emission), microbial abundance, microbial biomass, quotients (microbial and metabolic) and microbial community structure, and soil enzymes have been considered as potential indicators to assess the severity of the land degradation and the effectiveness of land use management. Therefore, it is important to synthesize the available information regarding microbial activities in use and management of salt‐affected soils. The reclamation and management of such soils and their physico‐chemical properties have been reviewed well in the literature. In this review, an attempt has been made to compile the current knowledge about the effects of soil salinization and sodication on microbial and enzyme activities and identify research gaps for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

兴安落叶松诱导抗性对舞毒蛾幼虫解毒酶活性的影响

为了解不同诱导处理与落叶松诱导抗性及广食性昆虫舞毒蛾协同抗性之间的关系,以喷施茉莉酸甲酯、茉莉酮、舞毒蛾幼虫取食和松毛虫幼虫取食4种方法处理落叶松幼苗,检验舞毒蛾幼虫取食不同处理诱导的落叶松后,其中肠酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酯酶(AKP)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)4种解毒酶活性随时间的变化趋势。结果表明:取食不同处理诱导的落叶松后,舞毒蛾幼虫酸性磷酸酯酶活性均显著低于对照;取食经舞毒蛾幼虫取食诱导的落叶松后,试虫中肠碱性磷酸酯酶活性先升高后降低,除此之外,取食其他3种处理诱导的落叶松后,幼虫中肠碱性磷酸酯酶活性均受到抑制;幼虫羧酸酯酶活性也都受到不同程度抑制,与对照相比差异极显著;幼虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性,取食茉莉酸甲酯和舞毒蛾幼虫取食处理的幼苗显著低于对照,而取食另外2种处理的幼苗显著高于对照。舞毒蛾幼虫取食诱导的植物抗性,可影响同一种群后续取食者的解毒机制,这是植物抗性和昆虫种内竞争的综合表现。茉莉酸甲酯作为一种外源植物激素,可诱导植物产生抗性,且有效抑制后续取食者的解毒作用,其作用强度与作用时间与舞毒蛾幼虫取食处理极为相似。茉莉酸甲酯可作为有效的植物诱导剂,在害虫...